A gastroenterologist is a physician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of conditions affecting the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, which includes the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine (colon), rectum, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.

Common symptoms include persistent abdominal pain, bloating, constipation, diarrhea, heartburn, acid reflux (GERD), blood in the stool, jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes), and unexplained weight loss. These symptoms could indicate conditions that require medical evaluation and treatment.

Gastroenterologists perform diagnostic and therapeutic procedures including, but not limited to, colonoscopy (examination of the colon), endoscopy (examination of the upper digestive system), endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP for bile ducts, gallbladder, and pancreas), and liver biopsies. These procedures help in diagnosing and sometimes treating GI conditions.

A colonoscopy is a procedure that allows a gastroenterologist to examine the inner lining of the large intestine (colon) and rectum using a long, flexible tube equipped with a camera. It is important for detecting abnormalities such as polyps, cancer, and areas of inflammation or bleeding. Colonoscopy is also a crucial tool in the screening for colorectal cancer, which can significantly increase the chance of early detection and successful treatment.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the large intestine, characterized by symptoms such as cramping, abdominal pain, bloating, gas, and diarrhea or constipation, or both. The exact cause of IBS is unknown, but treatment options typically include dietary changes, stress management, and prescribed medications to manage symptoms. In some cases, psychological therapy or counseling is recommended as part of a comprehensive treatment plan.